초록

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD,
the relationship between pattern identifications in TKM and TCM and three presentations of ADHD defined in the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).

Methods The pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD from the 13 Korean and Chinese literatures were analyzed.
ADHD symptoms of each pattern were classified into 3 categories; symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and others.
The characteristics of patterns for ADHD in Traditional Medicine were compared with three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5.

Results 1. The pattern of dual deficiency of the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛) showed predominant symptoms of inattention
and rarely showed those of severe hyperactivity and impulsivity.
This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly inattentive presentation in DSM-5.

2. The pattern of phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and the pattern of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin (肝腎陰虛),
frequently showed symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity compared with those of inattention.
This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation in DSM-5.

3. The pattern of spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺) frequently showed both symptoms of hyperactivity,
and this characteristic of ADHD can be related to the combined presentation in DSM-5.

Conclusions This study showed the relationship between three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5 and the pattern identifications of ADHD in TKM and TCM.

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